Wine Regions Of France

An introduction

The wine regions of France produce the template for premium wine production, no matter where else in the world wines are made.

France is not the largest producer of wines; in fact, Italy has been the largest for a long time. But with French wines, it is about quality control and the 'Appellation Controlée system,' which ensures the wine's reputation is protected.

Other countries are producing good wines, and Chardonnay, Cabernet, Sauvignon, Syrah, and Pinot are made in many of the world's vineyards.

The fact that the grapes are in these vineyards indicates that the original model was, of course, French.

So if you would like to know a little more about French wines and the wine regions of France, here is a brief résumé.

Understanding wines can be confusing, but the trick is not to get too hung up on the details, just enjoy the wine! That's a good starting point.

Bordeaux

The grand châteaux of Bordeaux produce the finest clarets and sweet whites. The Bordeaux region lies in the Gironde département. Red Wines of Bordeaux, sometimes called 'claret' by the British, are the most popular image of France's best wine. You may see vintage bottles of Bordeaux wines at auctions commanding exceedingly high prices.

Grapes: Bordeaux reds: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Malbec, and Petit Verdot. Make delicious recipes from these red wines: Red Wine Jus for meat dishes, or Cherry Sauce On Duck.

Bordeaux whites: Dry and sweet wines - Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscadelle.

Loire
Pays Nantais: Grapes: Melon de Bourgogne (Muscadet), Folle Blanche (Gros Plant). The Muscadet is France's most exported wine. About 50% of Muscadets have the words 'sur lié' on the label, which refers to a technique in the making of these wines. These are the better wines, so look out for these on the labels.

Anjou: Grapes: Chenin Blanc (whites)

Saumur: Grapes: Reds - Cabernet Franc; Whites - Chenin Blanc; Sparkling - Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc.

Touraine: Grapes: Reds - Cabernet Franc, Gamay; Whites - Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Romorantin.

Upper Loire: Grape: Sauvignon Blanc (whites): Sancerre, Menetou-Salon and Reuilly: Grapes: Pinot Noir, Gamay (reds/rosés)

Champagne

Champagne is the most northerly area of the wine regions of France and produces the finest of the sparkling wines.

Grapes: Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier, Chardonnay. There are also the rosé or pink Champagnes, made by adding a little still local red wine to the white Champagne.

The Blanc de Blancs is a champagne made using only the Chardonnay grape. Blanc de Noirs is white champagne made from the black grapes, Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier. Prestige Cuvée these are usually vintage wine, often aged longer than ordinary vintage wines.

Try these recipes with these wines: Pork Loin With Figs, or with this recipe and in it, French Pork Chops In Tomato Sauce.

Alsace

This area offers a blend of both German and French culture. Alsace is sheltered between the Vosges mountains and the River Rhine, and it grows both French and German grapes. Most wine regions of France are complicated to the novice, but it is much easier to understand wines in this area, as they are named after the grape varieties and not the villages or properties, as in other regions of France. Most of the Alsace wines are dry to medium-dry white wines.

Gewurztraminer - a deeply colored wine with a strong alcohol content, which goes well with the region's pâtés and terrines.

Riesling - a racy wine good with fish dishes like my Sauteed Scallops recipe.

Pinot Gris - a spicy, fruity (orange perhaps or buttery and honey).

Muscat - refreshing with a musty spice.

Pinot Blanc - creamy, slightly appley wine.

Sylvaner - a pungently almost cabbagey wine.

Auxerrois - a simple full-textured wine.

Chasselas - light, neutral-tasting wine.

Edelzwicker - a blend of any of the above grapes.

Pinot Noir - the only red grape in Alsace. A sharp, cherry fruit wine.

Burgundy

There are some passionate controversies as to whether Bordeaux or Burgundy has the finest wines. The annual production is far less than that of the Bordeaux wines. Some examples of fine Burgundy wines are:

Chablis: Grape: Chardonnay

Côte de Nuits: Grapes: Red - Pinot Noir; White - Chardonnay and small amounts of Pinot Blanc

Côte de Beaune: Grapes: Red - Pinot Noir; White - Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc and Aligoté

Maconnais: Grapes: Red - Pinot Noir, Gamay, César, Tressot; White - Chardonnay, Aligoté, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Sacy

Beaujolais: Burgundy's southernmost wine region. Grapes: Red - Gamay; White - Chardonnay

Rhone

The Rhône valley consists of the northern Rhône and the southern Rhône.

Northern Rhône: Grapes: Red - Syrah; White - Viognier, Marsanne, Roussanne

Southern Rhône: Grapes: Red - Grenache, Cinsaut, Mourvedre, Syrah, Carignan, Gamay; White - Clairette, Picpoul, Bourboulenc, Grenache Blanc, Roussane, Marsanne, Muscat, Viognier

Provence

The Provence area is known for the pale rosés.

Grapes: Reds - Grenache, Mourvedre, Cinsaut, Syrah, Carignan, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tibouren, Braquet; White - Clairette, Ugni-Blanc, Grenache Blanc, Rolle, Sauvignon Blanc, Marsanne, Terret

Languedoc-Roussillon

Grapes: Red - Carignan, Grenache, Cinsaut, Mourvedre, Syrah, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec; White - Clairette, Rolle, Terret, Bourboulenc, Picpoul, Muscat, Maccabéo, Marsanne, Viognier, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay

Rancio and Macvin du Jura are two French wines made in the Roussillon region. They are much like the Spanish Madeira wine in the method by which they are made, being exposed to heat, sunlight, and oxygen, creating signature flavors of nuts, caramel, and dried fruit that remain fresh for months after opening. Delicious in Pork And Apple Pie With Chestnuts.

Gascony and the South-West

These are small wine regions of France. They are the areas from Bordeaux down to the Spanish border. Very traditional vineyards, where they are proud of their traditions.

This, of course, is home to such fine French delights as Foie Gras, magnificent pork, poultry, and Toulouse sausages!

Grapes: Reds - The Bordeaux varieties plus local varieties.

Jura and Savoie

These small wine regions of France, to the east of Burgundy, are dominated by white wines.

Jura: Grapes: White - Savagnin, Chardonnay; Red - Trousseau, Poulsard, Pinot Noir

Savoie: Grapes: White - Jacuere, Roussette, Malette, Rousanne, Chasselas, Chardonnay; Red - Mondeuse, Gamay, Pinot Noir

Eau De Vie De Marc

Then there is eau de vie de marc, known as simply marc these days, and is another beautiful French creation to imbibe in! Learn about eau de vie, an "afterlife for grapes".